List packages that would be affected (does not install any packages)

Arch Linux package manager utility.
More information: <https://man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.8>.
Trick copyright: tl;dr; <https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr>

pacman --upgrade --print {{path/to/package.pkg.tar.zst}}

click the source code to copy install pacman --upgrade on any operating system with command-not-found.com